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PROCEDURES FOR ACQUIRING ITALIAN CITIZENSHIP
Italian citizenship Iure Sanguinis: how to obtain it
The acquisition of Italian citizenship by ius sanguinis provides that the descendant of an Italian emigrant, who did not obtain foreign citizenship, can, in turn, claim the status of Italian citizen. This fundamental principle is regulated by Law No. 91 of February 5, 1992, and establishes, precisely, that the child of Italian parents can be recognized as an Italian citizen by birth. This case, especially in the past, affected many ancestors of Italian origin born in countries of old emigration, such as Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, etc.
O que é a cidadania italiana iure sanguinis e como obtê-la
This is a procedure that allows foreign citizens descended from Italians to obtain Italian citizenship status. The procedure is complex, as it involves not only certain legal and technical knowledge, but also deadlines that are not as short as one might imagine. To obtain Italian citizenship according to the principle of ius sanguinis, it is necessary that the descendants of the Italian ancestor, including the applicant themselves, have never lost Italian citizenship. Possession of the status must also be proven by presenting a series of documents to the competent authorities. Whether or not the child is present in Italian territory remains irrelevant. After the transcription of the birth certificate at the request of the parents, in fact, the formalities will be carried out at the civil registry office or at the AIRE, depending on whether the child resides in Italy or abroad.
CAMINHOS
Once the legal prerequisites have been met, the application for obtaining Italian citizenship iure sanguinis can be submitted by choosing between two distinct methods, which require different procedures and timelines. The first administrative solution consists of preparing and submitting a special application to the consular authority and to the mayor of the municipality of residence, respectively if the applicant resides abroad or in Italian territory. In the latter case, to also obtain registration at the civil registry office, it is not necessary to attach the residence permit. In fact, a declaration of presence is sufficient, as clarified by the Circular of the Ministry of the Interior No. 32, dated June 13, 2007. Another procedure to be followed for submitting the application is the judicial one. This time, it is necessary to file an appeal before the Civil Court of Rome with the assistance of a qualified lawyer in the case of descendants in the maternal line who were born before January 1, 1940. The same procedure also applies when several applications are pending at the Consulate responsible for receiving the administrative application and this causes long waits to summon the descendants. In this regard, one can think of the Consulate of São Paulo, which takes 12 years to summon the interested parties.
Cronograma
When it comes to obtaining citizenship iure sanguinis, timelines play a decisive role, as they are never as fast as is commonly believed. At this point, it is worth noting that the waiting time can vary greatly, depending on how the application is submitted, that is, whether the right is claimed administratively or judicially. Citizenship iure sanguinis through administrative means also involves a longer or shorter wait, depending on how the application is submitted. When, for example, the action is carried out personally in Italy, everything depends on the municipality where the application is submitted. Essentially, the completion of the procedure depends on how long the municipality takes to receive from the competent consulates the deed of non-renunciation of nationality by the descendants of the Italian ancestor. In the case of submitting the application abroad, on the other hand, the timeframe varies according to the consulate. As mentioned above, when the process is carried out at the Consulate of São Paulo, it is estimated that it will take no less than 12 years. In other Brazilian consulates, the wait is also very long, which is why the interested party has every right to proceed judicially at the Civil Court of Rome, in order to have their status as an Italian citizen recognized directly by the judge. This is why it is always preferable to choose the judicial route for the recognition of citizenship by paternity. In such situations, the waiting time to definitively obtain Italian citizenship iure sanguinis is, in any case, linked to more or less significant factors, also because the judgment can take place in, at most, two hearings and the judge may possibly schedule new hearings a few months later. At present, the time required to obtain Italian citizenship iure sanguinis in the courts is approximately a year and a half, but this period is always affected by various variables, such as the appointed judge and certain procedural dynamics that do not directly depend on the parties.
Citizenship by marriage or civil union Art. 5
De acordo com o artigo 5 da Lei 91/1992, cidadãos estrangeiros casados ou unidos civilmente com cidadãos italianos podem solicitar a nacionalidade italiana. Eles devem estar casados ou unidos civilmente há pelo menos três anos (se residentes no exterior) ou dois anos (se residentes na Itália). Se houver filhos no casal, o tempo é reduzido pela metade (1 ano e meio para residentes no exterior ou 1 ano para residentes na Itália).
- Extrato da certidão de nascimento com todos os dados que indiquem a paternidade e a maternidade do requerente, e a respectiva tradução para o italiano;
certidões criminais do país de origem e de terceiros países de residência, e a respectiva tradução para o italiano;
atestado de conhecimento do idioma italiano;
Fotocópia da carteira de identidade italiana;
Fotocópia do passaporte;
Fotocópia da autorização/cartão de residência (para cidadãos de fora da UE) ou do certificado de residência (emitido pelo município de residência para cidadãos da UE);
Cópia original do pagamento da taxa de € 250,00;
Carimbo de receita de € 16,00;
Credenciais de acesso ao Spid.
NO CASO DE SOLICITANTES QUE POSSUEM UMA AUTORIZAÇÃO DE RESIDÊNCIA PARA ASILO POLÍTICO OU PROTEÇÃO SUBSIDIÁRIA, HÁ DIFERENTES ARRANJOS PARA A APRESENTAÇÃO DE DOCUMENTOS DO PAÍS DE ORIGEM.
Desde 18 de maio de 2015, está em vigor um procedimento pelo qual as solicitações são enviadas on-line no site do Ministério do Interior. Dependendo do caso, a prefeitura competente convoca o solicitante para verificação e, se necessário, arquivamento da documentação original.
Documentos necessários para enviar uma solicitação:
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